Sisitemu y'amatara yo ku mihanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba igizwe n'ibintu umunani. Ni ukuvuga panelo y'izuba, bateri y'izuba, umugenzuzi w'izuba, isoko y'urumuri, agasanduku k'ibateri, umupfundikizo w'itara, inkingi y'itara n'insinga.
Sisitemu y'amatara akoresha imirasire y'izuba yerekeza ku itsinda ry'amashanyarazi yigenga agizwe n'amatara akoresha imirasire y'izuba. Ntabwo igengwa n'imiterere y'ubutaka, ntabwo igengwa n'aho ishyirwa, kandi ntabwo ikeneye gucukura ubuso bw'umuhanda kugira ngo hubakwe insinga n'imiyoboro. Kubaka no gushyiraho aho hantu biroroshye cyane. Ntabwo ikeneye sisitemu yo kohereza no guhindura amashanyarazi kandi ntikoresha ingufu z'umujyi gusa. Ntabwo ari ukurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu gusa, ahubwo inafite inyungu nziza mu bukungu. By'umwihariko, biroroshye cyane kongeramo amatara akoresha imirasire y'izuba ku mihanda yubatswe. Cyane cyane mu matara yo ku muhanda, ibyapa byo hanze n'aho bisi zihagarara kure y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, inyungu zayo mu bukungu ziragaragara cyane. Ni kandi umusaruro w'inganda Ubushinwa bugomba gukurura mu gihe kizaza.
Ihame ry'imikorere ya sisitemu:
Ihame ry'imikorere y'amatara yo mu muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba ni ryoroshye. Ni agace k'izuba gakozwe hakoreshejwe ihame ry'ingaruka za photovoltaic. Ku manywa, agace k'izuba gahabwa ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba kagahindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi, zibikwa muri batiri binyuze mu cyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba. Mu ijoro, iyo urumuri rugabanutse buhoro buhoro kugera ku gaciro kagenwe, voltage y'urujya n'uruza rw'izuba ni hafi 4.5V, Nyuma yuko icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba kibonye agaciro kayo, cyohereza itegeko ryo gufunga, maze batiri igatangira gusohora umupfundikizo w'itara. Nyuma yuko batiri imaze gusohora amasaha 8.5, icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba cyohereza itegeko ryo gufunga, maze batiri igahita isohora.
Intambwe zo gushyiraho sisitemu y'amatara yo mu muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba:
Gusuka urufatiro:
1.Kumenya aho itara rihagaze; Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bw’ubutaka, niba ubuso bwa metero 1 na metero 2 ari ubutaka bworoshye, uburebure bw’ubucukuzi bugomba kwiyongera; Muri icyo gihe, byemezwa ko nta bindi bikoresho (nk'insinga, imiyoboro, nibindi) biri munsi y’aho itara riherereye, kandi nta bintu bimara igihe kirekire bipfuka igicucu hejuru y’itara ryo ku muhanda, bitabaye ibyo aho riherereye hagomba guhindurwa uko bikwiye.
2.Gucukura (cukura) 1m 3 ibyobo byujuje ibisabwa aho amatara ahagaze; Gushyira no gusuka ibice byashyizwemo. Ibice byashyizwemo bishyirwa hagati mu mwobo kare, impera imwe y'umuyoboro wa PVC ishyirwa hagati y'ibice byashyizwemo, naho indi mpera ishyirwa ahantu ho kubika bateri (nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1). Witondere kugumana ibice byashyizwemo n'ishingiro ku rwego rumwe n'ubutaka bwa mbere (cyangwa hejuru y'urushundura ruri ku rwego rumwe n'ubutaka bwa mbere, bitewe n'ibyo aho hantu hakenewe), kandi uruhande rumwe rugomba kuba ruteganye n'umuhanda; Muri ubu buryo, bishobora kwemeza ko inkingi y'itara ihagaze neza nta guhindukira. Hanyuma, beto ya C20 igomba gusukwa no gukosorwa. Mu gihe cyo gusukwa, inkoni inyeganyega ntigomba guhagarara kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ifunze neza kandi ikomeye.
3.Nyuma yo kubaka, ibisigazwa by'imyanda biri ku gice cyo gushyiramo ibintu bigomba gusukurwa ku gihe, kandi imyanda iri ku bifunga igomba gusukurwa n'amavuta y'imyanda.
4.Mu gihe cyo gukomeretsa beto, kuhira no kuyisukura bigomba gukorwa buri gihe; Itara rishobora gushyirwaho gusa nyuma yuko beto ikomereye burundu (muri rusange amasaha arenga 72).
Gushyiraho module y'uturemangingo tw'izuba:
1.Mbere yo guhuza inkingi nziza n'ingufu z'izuba ku cyuma gipima ingufu z'izuba, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kwirinda umuvuduko muke w'amashanyarazi.
2.Module y'ingufu z'izuba igomba kuba ifatanye neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe n'inkunga.
3.Umurongo w'ibisohoka by'igice ugomba kwirindwa ko ugaragara kandi ugahambirwa n'umugozi.
4.Icyerekezo cya module ya bateri kigomba kwerekeza mu majyepfo, hakurikijwe icyerekezo cya busole.
Gushyiraho batiri:
1.Iyo bateri ishyizwe mu gasanduku k'ubuyobozi, igomba gufatwa neza kugira ngo idakwangiza agasanduku k'ubuyobozi.
2.Insinga ihuza bateri igomba gukandagirwa ku gice cyo hejuru cya bateri hakoreshejwe bolts na gaskets z'umuringa kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro.
3.Nyuma y'uko umurongo usohoka uhujwe na bateri, birabujijwe guhagarika umuyoboro muke uko byagenda kose kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza bateri.
4.Iyo umurongo usohoka wa bateri uhujwe n'icyuma gipima umuriro kiri ku nkingi y'amashanyarazi, kigomba kunyura mu muyoboro wa PVC.
5.Nyuma y'ibivuzwe haruguru, reba insinga ku mpera y'icyuma gigenzura kugira ngo wirinde ko habaho umuvuduko muke. Funga urugi rw'agasanduku gagenzura nyuma y'imikorere isanzwe.
Gushyiraho itara:
1.Kosora ibice bya buri gice: shyira icyuma gikingira imirasire y'izuba ku cyuma gikingira imirasire y'izuba, shyira umupfundikizo w'itara ku cyuma gikingira imirasire y'izuba, hanyuma shyira icyuma gikingira imirasire n'icyuma gikingira ku nkoni nyamukuru, hanyuma ushyire insinga ihuza n'agasanduku k'igenzura (agasanduku ka bateri).
2.Mbere yo guterura inkingi y'itara, banza urebe niba ibifunga ku bice byose bikomeye, niba umupfundikizo w'itara washyizweho neza kandi niba isoko y'urumuri ikora neza. Hanyuma urebe niba sisitemu yoroshye yo gukemura ibibazo ikora neza; Kuramo insinga ihuza icyuma gihuza icyuma gikoresha izuba kuri controller, maze isoko y'urumuri igakora neza; Huza umurongo uhuza icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba hanyuma uzimye urumuri; Muri icyo gihe, reba witonze impinduka za buri kimenyetso kuri controller; Iyo byose bimeze neza ni bwo bizamurwa bigashyirwa.
3.Witondere ingamba zo kwirinda mu gihe uzamuye inkingi y'amatara; ibyuma bihambiriye neza. Iyo hari ukunyura mu nguni y'izuba ry'igice, icyerekezo cy'izuba ry'inyuma yo hejuru kigomba guhindurwa kugira ngo cyerekeze neza mu majyepfo.
4.Shyira bateri mu gasanduku ka bateri hanyuma uhuze insinga ihuza n'icyuma gipima umuriro ukurikije ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki; banza uhuze bateri, hanyuma uhuze umutwaro, hanyuma uhuze icyuma gipima umuriro ku zuba; Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'insinga, ni ngombwa kumenya ko insinga zose n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi byanditse kuri icyo cyuma bidashobora guhuzwa nabi, kandi polarity nziza na negative ntishobora guhurirana cyangwa ngo ihuzwe inyuma; Bitabaye ibyo, icyuma gipima umuriro kizangirika.
5.Niba sisitemu yo gukoresha imashini ikora neza; Kuramo insinga ihuza icyuma gipima izuba ku cyuma gipima izuba, maze urumuri rukazima; Muri icyo gihe, huza umurongo uhuza icyuma gipima izuba hanyuma uzimye urumuri; Hanyuma witegereze witonze impinduka za buri kimenyetso kuri cyuma gipima izuba; Niba byose ari ibisanzwe, agasanduku gapima umuriro gashobora gufungwa.
Iyo umukoresha ashyizeho amatara hasi wenyine, ingamba zo kwirinda ni izi zikurikira:
1.Amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba akoresha imirasire y'izuba nk'ingufu. Kuba imirasire y'izuba iri kuri modules za photocell ihagije bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku rumuri rw'amatara. Kubwibyo, mu guhitamo aho amatara azashyirwa, modules za solar cell zishobora gutanga urumuri rw'izuba igihe icyo ari cyo cyose nta mababi n'ibindi bibangamira.
2.Mu gihe ushyiramo ubudodo, menya neza ko udafashe icyuma gifata amatara aho inkingi y'itara ihurira. Imiyoboro y'insinga igomba kuba ifatanye neza kandi ipfunyitse na kaseti ya PVC.
3.Mu gihe ukoresha, kugira ngo urebe neza ko module ya bateri igaragara neza kandi ikoresha imirasire y'izuba, sukura umukungugu uri kuri module ya bateri buri mezi atandatu, ariko ntukayisukemo amazi kuva hasi kugera hejuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-10-2022
