Amatara yo ku muhandani ingenzi mu igenamigambi ry'imijyi no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo. Ntabwo bifasha gusa abashoferi n'abanyamaguru kubona ibintu neza, ahubwo binagira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umutekano ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Uko imijyi ikura kandi igatera imbere, gusobanukirwa ibipimo by'amatara yo mu muhanda ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho igishushanyo mbonera no gushyira mu bikorwa neza. Iyi nkuru isuzuma byimbitse ibipimo by'ingenzi bigena amatara yo mu muhanda, ikareba ko ibyo abakoresha umuhanda bose bakeneye byujuje.
1. Urwego rw'urumuri
Kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi by'amatara yo mu muhanda ni urugero rw'urumuri, rupimirwa muri lux. Ibi bivuga ingano y'urumuri rugwa ku buso. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imihanda busaba urwego rutandukanye rw'urumuri. Urugero, imihanda minini isanzwe isaba urwego rwo hejuru rw'urumuri kurusha imihanda yo mu ngo. Ishyirahamwe ry'Ubwubatsi bw'Illuminating (IES) ritanga ubuyobozi bugaragaza urwego rw'urumuri rwasabwe ku moko atandukanye y'imihanda kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko uburyo bwo kuyigendamo buhagije.
2. Ubumwe
Ubumwe ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu miterere y'amatara yo mu muhanda. Bipima uburyo urumuri rukwirakwira mu gace runaka. Ubumwe bwinshi bwerekana ko urumuri rukwirakwira neza, bigabanya amahirwe y'ahantu hijimye hashobora guteza ibyago mu mutekano. Ubumwe bw'amatara bubarwa bagabanya ubunini bw'amatara n'ubunini bw'amatara. Ku matara yo mu muhanda, igipimo cya 0.4 cyangwa kirenga muri rusange gifatwa nk'icyemewe, bigatuma ahantu hose hagaragara neza.
3. Igipimo cy'ibara (CRI)
Igipimo cy'amabara (CRI) ni igipimo cy'uburyo isoko y'urumuri igaragaza neza amabara ugereranije n'urumuri rusanzwe. Ku matara yo mu muhanda, CRI iri hejuru niyo nziza kuko ituma abashoferi n'abanyamaguru babona neza amabara, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu kumenya ibimenyetso by'umuhanda, ibimenyetso byo mu muhanda, n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ingenzi. Ku matara yo mu muhanda, CRI iri hejuru ya 70 niyo isabwa muri rusange.
4. Ubwoko bw'Isoko ry'Umucyo
Ubwoko bw'urumuri rukoreshwa mu gucana imihanda bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikoreshereze y'ingufu, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gukora neza muri rusange. Inkomoko y'urumuri isanzwe irimo sodium ifite umuvuduko mwinshi (HPS), metal halide (MH), na diode zitanga urumuri (LED).
- Sodium ifite umuvuduko mwinshi (HPS): Azwiho urumuri rw'umuhondo, amatara ya HPS akoresha ingufu nke kandi amara igihe kirekire. Ariko, ibara ryayo rito rishobora gutuma kumenyekana kw'amabara bigorana.
- Metal Halide (MH): Aya matara atanga urumuri rwera kandi afite CRI iri hejuru, bigatuma akwiriye ahantu hagomba kumenyekana amabara. Ariko, akoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi akaba magufi kuruta amatara afite umuvuduko mwinshi wa sodium.
- Diode Isohora Umucyo (LED): LED zigenda zikundwa cyane bitewe n'uko zikoresha ingufu neza, igihe kirekire, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubushyuhe butandukanye bw'amabara. Zituma kandi zigenzura neza ikwirakwira ry'urumuri, bikagabanya umwanda n'urumuri.
5. Uburebure bw'inkingi n'intera
Uburebure n'intera y'inkingi z'urumuri ni ibipimo by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka z'amatara yo mu muhanda. Inkingi ndende zishobora kumurikira ahantu hanini, mu gihe inkingi ngufi zishobora gusaba intera iri hafi kugira ngo zigere ku rwego rumwe rw'uburinzi. Uburebure n'intera nziza biterwa n'ubwoko bw'umuhanda, aho urumuri rukoreshwa n'urwego rw'urumuri rukenewe. Gushyira inkingi z'urumuri neza bigabanya igicucu kandi bigatuma urumuri rugera mu bice byose by'umuhanda.
6. Kugenzura Umucyo
Umucyo ni ikibazo gikomeye mu matara yo mu muhanda kuko ubangamira ubwiza bw'imodoka kandi ugatera impanuka mu gutwara imodoka. Imiterere myiza y'amatara yo mu muhanda irimo ingamba zo kugabanya urumuri, nko gukoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura cyangwa kuyobora urumuri rugana hasi. Intego ni ugutanga urumuri ruhagije rudateye ikibazo abashoferi cyangwa abanyamaguru. Kugenzura urumuri ni ingenzi cyane mu mijyi aho amatara yo mu muhanda ari hafi y'inyubako z'abaturage n'ubucuruzi.
7. Gukoresha neza ingufu
Bitewe n’impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku bijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ingaruka ku bidukikije, gukoresha neza ingufu byahindutse ikintu cy’ingenzi mu gushushanya amatara yo mu muhanda. Gukoresha amatara akoresha ingufu nke nka LED bishobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’ingufu no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’amatara agezweho, nka sisitemu zo guhindura urumuri zikoresha ubushobozi bwo guhindura urumuri hashingiwe ku miterere y’imodoka, bishobora kunoza imikorere myiza y’ingufu.
8. Kubungabunga no Kuramba
Ibisabwa mu kubungabunga no kuramba kw'ibikoresho by'amatara yo ku muhanda ni ibintu by'ingenzi. Sisitemu z'amatara zigomba gutegurwa kugira ngo zorohereze kuzibona kugira ngo zorohereze kuzitunganya no kugabanya igihe cyo kuzikoresha. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho by'amatara bigomba kuba biramba kandi birwanya ikirere kugira ngo bihangane n'ibidukikije. Gahunda ihoraho yo kubungabunga ikwiye gushyirwaho kugira ngo sisitemu z'amatara zikomeze gukora neza kandi zigire ingaruka nziza uko igihe kigenda gihita.
9. Ingaruka ku bidukikije
Amaherezo, ingaruka z'amatara yo mu muhanda ku bidukikije ntizishobora kwirengagizwa. Ihumana ry'urumuri, ryangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima kandi rikagira ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu, ni ikibazo gikomeje kwiyongera mu mijyi. Gutegura uburyo bwo kumurikira imihanda bugabanya amatara n'urumuri bishobora gufasha kugabanya izi ngaruka. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rizigama ingufu bifasha kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi bihuye n'intego z'iterambere rirambye.
Mu gusoza
Muri make, ibipimo by'amatara yo mu muhanda bikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mutekano, kugaragara neza ndetse n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Mu gusuzuma urwego rw'urumuri, ingano y'urumuri, ubwoko bw'aho urumuri ruturuka, uburebure bw'inkingi n'intera, kugenzura urumuri, gukoresha neza ingufu, kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije, abategura imijyi n'abayinjeniyeri bashobora gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kumurikira imihanda butuma umutekano n'ubuzima bwiza birushaho kuba byiza ku bakoresha imihanda bose. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere,ahazaza h'amatara yo ku muhandabyitezwe ko bizarushaho gukora neza no kurambye, bikazana inzira yo kugera ku bidukikije by’imijyi bifite umutekano kandi bikagira ubuzima bwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2024
