Amabwiriza agenga amatara yo mu muhanda

Amatara yo ku muhandabigira uruhare runini mu kwemeza umutekano n'imikorere myiza ya sisitemu zo gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Uko imijyi igenda yiyongera mu bunini n'ubwinshi bw'imodoka zigenda ziyongera, niko gukenera amatara meza yo ku muhanda birushaho kugaragara. Ariko, gushyira mu bikorwa amatara yo ku muhanda bikubiyemo ibirenze gushyiraho amatara gusa; bikubiyemo kubahiriza amahame yashyizweho agenga igishushanyo mbonera, imitangire n'imitangire y'izi sisitemu. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse akamaro k'amatara yo ku muhanda, amahame agenga amatara yo ku muhanda, n'ingaruka aya mahame agira ku mutekano rusange no ku mishinga y'imijyi.

Akamaro k'amatara yo ku muhanda

Amatara yo mu muhanda afite imirimo myinshi y'ibanze. Icya mbere, atuma abashoferi, abanyamaguru n'abanyamagare babona neza, bigabanya ibyago byo guhura n'impanuka nijoro cyangwa mu gihe hari urumuri ruto. Imihanda imurikiwe neza ishobora kugabanya cyane impanuka, bigatuma imihanda itekana ku bakoresha bose. Byongeye kandi, amatara meza ashobora gukumira ibyaha kuko ahantu hamurikiwe neza hadakurura abagizi ba nabi bashobora kuba benshi.

Byongeye kandi, amatara yo ku muhanda agira uruhare mu bwiza rusange bw'ibidukikije byo mu mijyi. Amatara yakozwe neza ashobora kugaragaza imiterere y'inyubako, yongera imiterere y'ahantu hahurira abantu benshi kandi agatuma habaho ihuriro. Mu gihe imijyi iharanira kuba ahantu ho gutura no gukurura abantu, uruhare rw'amatara yo ku mihanda mu miterere y'umujyi ntirushobora kwirengagizwa.

Amabwiriza agenga amatara yo mu muhanda: Incamake

Kugira ngo amatara yo ku muhanda akore neza kandi mu mutekano, imiryango nka Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ry'Abayobozi b'Imihanda Mikuru n'Ubwikorezi (AASHTO) bashyiraho amahame ngenderwaho. Aya mahame atanga ubuyobozi ku ngingo nyinshi z'amatara yo ku muhanda, harimo:

1. Urwego rw'urumuri:

Ihame rigena urwego ruto rw'urumuri rusabwa ku bwoko butandukanye bw'imihanda. Urugero, umuhanda munini ushobora gusaba urumuri rwinshi kurusha umuhanda wo mu ngo. Intego ni uguha umushoferi uburyo bwo kubona neza mu gihe hagabanywa urumuri.

2. Ubumwe:

Ubumwe bw'urumuri busobanura uburyo urumuri rukwirakwira mu muhanda. Ihame rigena igipimo cyemewe cy'urumuri rungana n'urumuri ruto kugira ngo hatabaho utudomo twijimye cyane cyangwa tumurika cyane, byatera urujijo umushoferi no kongera ibyago byo kugira impanuka.

3. Ubushyuhe bw'ibara:

Ubushyuhe bw'amabara y'amatara yo ku muhanda bugira ingaruka ku kugaragara no ku kuntu umuntu abona ibintu. Amabwiriza akunze gutanga ubushyuhe bwihariye bw'amabara kugira ngo yongere itandukaniro kandi yongere kugaragara neza nta kubabaza abashoferi.

4. Imiterere y'urumuri n'uburebure bwarwo:

Uburyo amatara ashyirwa n'uburebure bwayo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku matara meza. Iri tegeko ritanga ubuyobozi ku bijyanye n'intera y'inkingi n'uburebure bw'urumuri kugira ngo urumuri rukwirakwizwe neza mu muhanda.

5. Gukoresha neza ingufu:

Uko abantu barushaho guhangayikishwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ingaruka ku bidukikije, amahame agenda arushaho gushimangira akamaro k’uburyo bwo kugabanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Muri ibyo harimo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya LED, rimara igihe kirekire kandi rigakoresha ingufu nke ugereranyije n’amatara asanzwe.

Ingaruka z'amahame agenga amatara yo ku muhanda

Gukurikiza amahame agenga amatara yo ku muhanda bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano rusange, igenamigambi ry'imijyi no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Gushimangira umutekano w'abaturage

Mu gukurikiza amahame yashyizweho, uturere dushobora gushyiraho imihanda itekanye kandi igabanya ibyago by’impanuka. Imihanda imurikiwe neza ituma abashoferi babona ibyago bishobora kubaho, nk'abanyamaguru, abanyamagare n'ibyapa byo mu muhanda, mbere y'igihe. Ubu buryo bwo kwirinda impanuka bushobora kugabanya cyane impanuka zo mu ijoro, amaherezo bukarokora ubuzima bw'abantu kandi bukagabanya imvune.

Gushyigikira igenamigambi ry'imijyi

Amabwiriza agenga amatara yo ku muhanda na yo agira uruhare runini mu igenamigambi ry’imijyi. Uko imijyi ikura kandi igatera imbere, abategura igenamigambi bagomba gutekereza ku buryo amatara ahura n’imiterere rusange y’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Amatara meza ashobora kunoza ikoreshwa rya pariki, inzira z’abanyamaguru n’ahantu ho gutwara abantu n’ibintu, agashishikariza abantu benshi kwitabira ibikorwa by’abaturage. Byongeye kandi, ahantu hafite amatara meza hashobora kongera agaciro k’umutungo no gukurura ubucuruzi, bityo bigateza imbere iterambere ry’ubukungu.

Guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry'ibidukikije

Muri iki gihe aho kubungabunga ibidukikije ari ikintu cy'ingenzi, amahame agenga amatara yo ku muhanda akomeje gutera imbere kugira ngo ateze imbere ibisubizo byo kuzigama ingufu. Guhindura amatara ya LED ntibigabanya gusa ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyasana kuko aya matara amara igihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, amahame ashishikariza ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'amatara agezweho, nk'amatara ahuza n'imiterere y'imodoka, ashobora kurushaho kunoza imikorere myiza y'ingufu no kugabanya umwanda w'amatara.

Imbogamizi mu gushyira mu bikorwa amahame ngenderwaho y'amatara yo ku muhanda

Nubwo hari inyungu zigaragara zo kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’amatara yo mu muhanda, imbogamizi zo kuyashyira mu bikorwa ziracyahari. Ingengo y’imari ishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bwo gushora imari mu buryo bwiza bwo gutanga amatara. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko w’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga utuma amahame ngenderwaho agomba gukomeza gutera imbere kugira ngo ajyane n’uburyo bushya bwo gutanga amatara.

Byongeye kandi, inzego z'ibanze n'abikorera ku giti cyabo akenshi ntibamenya cyangwa ngo basobanukirwe ibi bipimo ngenderwaho. Uburezi n'amahugurwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo abashinzwe gushushanya no gushyiraho sisitemu z'amatara yo ku muhanda babe abahanga mu bipimo ngenderwaho bigezweho n'imikorere myiza.

Mu gusoza

Amatara yo mu muhanda ni ingenzi mu buryo bw'ubwikorezi bufite umutekano kandi bunoze. Mu kubahiriza amategeko yashyizwehoamahame ngenderwaho y'amatara yo ku muhanda, uturere dushobora kunoza umutekano w’abaturage, gushyigikira ibikorwa byo gutegura imijyi no guteza imbere ibidukikije birambye. Uko imijyi ikomeza gukura no gutera imbere, akamaro ko gucana amatara ku mihanda neza kazakomeza kwiyongera. Abafatanyabikorwa bagomba gushyira imbere gushyira mu bikorwa aya mahame kugira ngo habeho imiryango itekanye kandi irangwa n’umutekano kuri bose.