Ahantu ho gukinira imikino yo hanze ni ahantu ho gushimisha, guhatana no guteranira hamwe n’abaturage. Waba umukino w’umupira w’amaguru ukomeye, umukino wa baseball ushimishije, cyangwa umukino ukomeye wo gusiganwa ku maguru, ubunararibonye ku bakinnyi n’abareba imikino bushingiye cyane ku kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi: amatara. Amatara akwiye ntabwo atuma abakinnyi bagira umutekano n’imikorere myiza gusa, ahubwo ananongera ubunararibonye bw’abafana. Iyi nkuru ireba mu buryo bwimbitse akamaro koamatara yo hanze ya sitaden'amahame ngenderwaho yo gucunga urumuri.
Akamaro k'amatara meza yo kuri sitade
Umutekano n'Imikorere
Ku bakinnyi, urumuri rukwiye ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo abakinnyi bakore neza kandi bagire umutekano mwiza. Kudakoresha urumuri ruhagije bishobora gutuma abantu batekereza nabi, ibyago byo gukomereka byiyongera, ndetse no kudakoresha neza muri rusange. Urugero, mu mikino yihuta nka ruhago cyangwa rugby, abakinnyi bagomba kubona umupira neza no kwitega uko abakinnyi bagenzi babo n'abo bahanganye bazagenda. Umucyo ukwiye utuma aho imikino izabera hatangana, bigabanye igicucu n'urumuri bishobora kubangamira icyerekezo cy'abantu.
Ubunararibonye bw'abareba
Ku bareba, baba bari kuri sitade cyangwa bareba mu ngo zabo, amatara agira uruhare runini mu bunararibonye rusange. Sitade ifite urumuri rwiza ituma abafana bashobora kureba ibikorwa neza aho bicaye hose. Ku birori bya televiziyo, amatara akwiye ni ingenzi cyane kuko agira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'amashusho. Kamera za HD zisaba urumuri ruhoraho kandi ruhagije kugira ngo zifate amashusho asobanutse kandi meza.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'amahame ngenderwaho
Ibibuga bigomba kubahiriza amahame yihariye y'urumuri kugira ngo bibe byakira ibirori by'umwuga n'iby'amahanga. Aya mahame ashyirwaho n'inzego zitandukanye zishinzwe imikino n'imiryango kugira ngo habeho bumwe n'ubutabera mu marushanwa. Kutubahiriza ayo mategeko bishobora gutera ibihano, kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kwitabira ibirori no kwangiza izina.
Amatara yo hanze y'ahantu ho gukinira imikino akoreshwa mu buryo buboneye
Urwego rw'urumuri
Umucyo upimirwa muri lux (lx) kandi ni ingano y'urumuri rugwa ku buso. Siporo zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku rwego rw'urumuri. Urugero, Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry'Amashyirahamwe y'Imikino ya Siporo (IAAF) risaba urwego rw'urumuri rwa 500 lux mu mikino yo gusiganwa ku maguru no mu kibuga. Mu kugereranya, FIFA (Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry'Umupira w'Amaguru) risaba ko ubukana bw'urumuri buba nibura 500 lux mu gihe cy'imyitozo no hejuru ya 2.000 lux mu mikino mpuzamahanga.
Ubumwe
Uburinganire ni igipimo cy'uburyo urumuri rukwirakwira ku buryo bungana ku buso bw'ikinirwamo. Bibarwa hagabanywa uburinganire buke n'uburinganire bw'urumuri. Uburinganire bwinshi bivuze ko urumuri ruhoraho. Ku mikino myinshi, igipimo cy'uburinganire cya 0.5 cyangwa kirenga ni cyo gisabwa. Ibi byemeza ko nta bizinga byijimye cyangwa ahantu hagaragara cyane mu kibuga, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kugaragara no ku mikorere.
Ubushyuhe bw'ibara
Ubushyuhe bw'amabara, bupimirwa muri Kelvin (K), bugira ingaruka ku isura y'urumuri. Ku bibuga by'imikino byo hanze, ubushyuhe bw'amabara buri hagati ya 4000K na 6500K muri rusange ni bwo busabwa. Ubu bwoko butanga urumuri rwera rusa neza n'urumuri rw'izuba, butuma abakinnyi n'abareba babasha kubona neza kandi bukagabanya umunaniro w'amaso.
Kugenzura Umucyo
Umucyo ushobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye mu matara yo kuri sitade, bigatera ububabare no kugabanya ubwiza bw'urumuri. Kugira ngo ugabanye ubwiza bw'urumuri, ibikoresho by'urumuri bigomba gutegurwa no gushyirwa ahantu habigenewe kugira ngo ruyobore urumuri aho rukenewe. Ikoranabuhanga rirwanya ubwiza bw'urumuri nk'amadirishya n'ingabo rishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ingaruka z'ubwiza bw'urumuri ku bakinnyi n'abareba.
Igipimo cy'Ishusho ry'Amabara (CRI)
Igipimo cy’ibara (CRI) gipima ubushobozi bw’urumuri mu kongera amabara neza. Uko CRI iba iri hejuru, ni ko ibara riba ryiza kurushaho. Ku bibuga bya siporo, CRI ya 80 cyangwa irenga irasabwa. Ibi byemeza ko amabara asa neza kandi afite isura nziza, byongera ubunararibonye ku bakinnyi ndetse n’abareba.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu matara ya sitade
Amatara ya LED
Ikoranabuhanga rya LED (Light Emitting Diode) ryahinduye imiterereamatara yo kuri sitadeAmatara ya LED atanga ibyiza byinshi ugereranyije n'amasoko asanzwe y'amatara, harimo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, kuramba, no kugenzura neza ikwirakwizwa ry'urumuri. Amatara ya LED ashobora kugabanywa no guhindurwa byoroshye kugira ngo yuzuze amahame yihariye y'urumuri, bigatuma aba meza cyane ku bibuga bya siporo.
Sisitemu y'amatara y'ubwenge
Sisitemu z'amatara agezweho zishobora gukurikirana no kugenzura amatara yo kuri sitade mu gihe nyacyo. Izi sisitemu zishobora guhindura urwego rw'amatara hashingiwe ku masaha y'umunsi, imiterere y'ikirere n'ibisabwa byihariye mu mikino itandukanye. Amatara agezweho ashobora kandi gutuma habaho uburyo bwo kugenzura kure no gukora ikoranabuhanga, bigabanura gukenera gukoresha intoki no kwemeza ko urumuri ruhoraho.
Kuramba
Kuramba bikomeje kuba ingenzi mu miterere n'imikorere ya sitade. Uburyo bwo gukoresha amatara akoresha ingufu nke nka za LED na sisitemu z'amatara agezweho bifasha kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikoreshwa rya karuboni. Byongeye kandi, ahantu henshi ho gukina siporo hakoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, nka za paneli z'izuba, kugira ngo hashyirwe ingufu mu matara yazo.
Mu gusoza
Amatara akwiye ni ingenzi mu gukinira imikino yo hanze, bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'abakinnyi n'imikorere yabo, ubunararibonye bw'abareba, ndetse n'intsinzi rusange y'iki gikorwa. Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'ubushyuhe byemeza ko ahantu ho gukinira imikino hatanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukinira imikino itandukanye. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga nk'amatara ya LED na sisitemu z'ubwenge, ahantu ho gukinira imikino hashobora kugera ku matara meza kandi azigama ingufu kugira ngo hahuzwe n'ibyo imikino igezweho ikeneye. Uko isi ya siporo ikomeza gutera imbere, ni ko n'amahame n'ikoranabuhanga bimurikira imikino kandi bigatera ibihe bitazibagirana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Nzeri 2024
